The German system for recovery of mixed dry recyclables has been established in the early 90s. It was installed to increase the recycling rates additional to the already existing system: the separate collection of papaer and glass.
Within the system components so called light weight packaging (LVP or PMD) – like ferrous and non-ferrous metals, drink cartons, composites, plastic packaging (dense Plastics and film) – are collected. Due to the legal situation the system is financed according to the cost by cause principle. A licence-fee is payed for each packaging unit by the packaging industry or retailer. Companies that operate this system like Der Grüne Punkt are responsible for collection and recycling of post consumer packaging waste originating from households or similar facilities – in the sense of source of waste.
Waste collection is mainly done by curbsite collection as a source segregated system for these mixed dry recyclables. But there are also some regions where there are just bringsites installed. The total annual amount of material collected within the described system is some 2.2 Mio. tons.
Copyright: | © Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH | |
Quelle: | Waste Management, Volume 3 (Oktober 2012) | |
Seiten: | 8 | |
Preis inkl. MwSt.: | € 0,00 | |
Autor: | Dr. Joachim Christiani Dipl.-Ing. Martin Bender | |
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Wertstoffhof 2020 - Neuorientierung von Wertstoffhöfen
© ia GmbH - Wissensmanagement und Ingenieurleistungen (4/2015)
Im Jahr 2014, zwanzig Jahre nach dem durch das Bayerische Staatsministerium für Landesentwicklung und Umweltfragen organisierten Wettbewerb „Der vorbildliche Wertstoffhof“, ist es sicher angebracht, sich dem Thema erneut zuzuwenden. Was ist aus den prämierten Wertstoffhöfen der Preisträger in den jeweiligen Clustern geworden? Wie hat sich das System grundsätzlich entwickelt? Wo geht es hin, wenn man die gesellschaftlichen Anforderungen aus demografischer Entwicklung, Ressourcenschutz und Klimarelevanz betrachtet?
Fields of Research in Optical Sorting of Different Types of Waste
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
Optical sorting appeared for the first time in 1994 in Germany, France and in the USA.
Initially, it was limited to the recognition of the main packaging types, as found in the "yellow bin", using the NIR spectroscopy to differentiate molecular bonds: PET, HDPE, PVC, Tetrapak were the main targets. Colour sorting was later introduced for very fine colour nuances (e.g. clear vs light blue bottles). Today, most MRFs in Europe use Optical Sorting for packaging.
Post-Consumer Plastic Packaging Waste - How to Increase the Yield and Reduce the Cost
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
Recycling schemes for post-consumer plastic packaging waste are politically motivated, create environmental benefits for the society and increase the business costs in general. These recycling schemes are shaped by the local presence of converting industries that are able to use the recyclates as raw materials. Choices for recycling schemes should therefore be based on the expected compliance, efficiency (the lowest environmental impacts for the least costs) and the present local industry.
Challenges of Mixed Plastics Recovery from MSW Sources in the United Kingdom
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
Part of the integrated waste management approach in the United Kingdom is a mechanical pre-treatment of MSW prior to either EfW (Energy from Waste) or AD (Anaerobic Digestion). As a consequence of the pre-treatment some unwanted material is being separated form the primary target material, and in most cases this material contains some valuable sub grades. One of these sub grades is mixed plastic. The amount and quality of recoverable mixed plastics within MSW depends firstly on the collection and transfer and storage scheme prior to the mechanical pre-treamtent and secondly on the consumer and education from the Local Authority who is ultimately responsible for the local or regional waste management strategy and education.
Plastic Waste Recovery in Spain - Overview of the Market and Applied Technologies
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
Plastic consumption in different Spanish industrial sectors was 2.840.000 tonnes in 2010 and generated approxomately 2.206.000 tonnes of plastic waste in 2010. About 23% of this waste was recycled and 17% recovered, being landfilled about 60% [2].