Stoffbilanz einer Deponie für mineralische Reststoffe
Seit dem 1. Juni 2005 haben sich in Deutschland die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen für die Ablagerung von Abfällen auf Deponien der Klasse I und II verändert. Für die Deponieklasse I liegt der Zuordnungswert für den Gesamt-Kohlenstoffanteil (TOC) bei ≤ 1 Gew.- , für die Deponieklasse II bei ≤ 3 Gew.-%. Über einen Untersuchungszeitraum von insgesamt 21 Monaten wurden alle abgelagerten mineralischen Reststoffe auf insgesamt 17 Deponie im Bayern dokumentiert (Heindl et al. 2007).
Auf einer Deponie im Süden Bayerns werden seit 2005 lediglich mineralische Reststoffe abgelagert. Für den Untersuchungszeitraum von 21 Monaten wurde der Anteil der verschiedenen Abfallgruppen bestimmt. Abfälle aus der Abfallgruppe 17 (Bau- und Abbruchabfälle) stellen 94 % der Gesamtmenge dar. In 71 % der Fälle führte der Schadstoffparameter „Polyzyklische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAK)“ zur Einstufung in Deponieklasse I bzw. DK II. Für fünf Hauptabfallarten wurde durch Einzelanalysen die Einzelkomponenten der PAK, u.a. die Leitsubstanzen Naphthalin und Benzo(a)pyren erfasst. Zur besseren Charakterisierung der wichtigsten Abfallarten wurde zusätzlich das Elutionsverhalten untersucht. Die Schadstoffmenge im Deponiekörper wurden hinsichtlich der Parameter Kohlenwasserstoffe, die Summe der PAK, die Einzelsubstanzen Naphthalin und Benzo-(a)pyren, die Schwermetalle Arsen, Blei, Cadmium, Chrom (ges.), Kupfer, Nickel, Quecksilber, Thallium und Zink sowie die Menge der enthaltenen Cyanide (ges.) berechnet. Diese Werte sind als Näherungswerte zu betrachten, da lediglich für ca. 42 % der abgelagerten mineralischen Reststoffe Deklarationsanalysen vorlagen. Die Bilanzierung zeigt, dass die Auswaschung der Schadstoffe sehr gering ist. Den Haupanteil an PAK im Sickerwasser stellt Naphtalin dar. Erhöhte Schwermetallkonzentrationen wurden insbesondere in den niederschlagsarmen Wintermonaten beobachtet.
Autoren:
Prof. Dr. Soraya Heuss-Aßbichler
Dipl.-Ing. Martin Brunner
Dr. Gerhard Heindl
| Copyright: | © Lehrstuhl für Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben | |
| Quelle: | Depotech 2008 (November 2008) | |
| Seiten: | 6 | |
| Preis inkl. MwSt.: | € 3,00 | |
| Autor: | Prof. Dr. Soraya Heuss-Aßbichler  Dr. Gerhard Heindl | |
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