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Evolution of microbial populations, humic and fulvic acids on compost from Grape pomace
Pisco is a main distillate spirit in Chile and Peru. This product is obtained from the muscatel grape fermentation and itproduction reach from 30- 50 millions of liters by year, this industry generates a large amount of residues reachingabout 12-15 ton/ha, especially in summer and fall. Composting process results a good option to correct disposal ofwastes and many microbiological changes provides to final compost, properties to maintain and improve the soil qualityin terms of physical, chemical and biological properties.
Further Authors:
R. Ortega Blu - Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María
M.M Martínez Salgado - Institute of Crop Science
To evaluate the evolution of microbial populations and enzymatic activities and its relation with the production ofhumic and fulvic acids, different composting treatments were proposed, using grape pomace (skin and seeds) and bunchraquises, horse and goat manure, and pruning oat residues. There were organized 9 treatments with 3 repetitions eachone, using the turned pile system with periodic turning (each 10 days); during a 180-day period at beginning of thetemperature stabilization (120 days) the piles were analyzed. It was determinated parameters related with microbialpopulations (heterotrophic bacteria, fungi and yeast, phosphate solubilizers) and hydrolytic groups: cellulolytic,proteolytic and amilolytic microorganisms. At the same time some enzymatic activity (β glucosidase, phosphatase, andurease), and chemical composition (pH, electrical conductivity, N-NH4/N-NO3 ratio, organic matter, humic acids andfulvic acids) were determined. Main effects and the interactions were evaluated by statistical analysis, comparing meansby ANOVA, and correlation were determinated by Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p=0,05).It was possible to quantify the populations of different microorganisms on the compost, which using the organic matteras a complex substrate, produces an important amount of different enzymes that promote the mineralization producingstable forms of carbon as humic substances. Microbial populations as cellulolytic and fungi and yeast reachedpopulations about 8,0 and 6,91 logarithmic units respectively, and presented statistical differences (p<0.001) betweentreatments product of the inherent characteristics of the substrates uses for this co-composting process. Aftercomposting process, the organic amendment resulted with 40 -68% OM (p<0,001) and grape pomace (91%) andpruning residues/oat straw (5%), which presented high level of organic matter. Most of treatments were slightlyalkaline, with pH between 8,0 to 8,5, and others were closer to neutral pH. Results suggest that concentration of humicand fulvic acids at the final of the study could be explained because of the availability of nutrients that incentive themetabolisms microorganisms as fungi and yeast and the production of specific enzymes as β- glucosidase.Enzymatic activity produced by microorganisms showed a decrease, when populations as heterotrophic bacteria,phosphate solubilizers, cellulolytic microorganisms were lower; in general β - glucosidase and phosphatase decrease onthe time, but urease activity tend to increase at the final of the process, it would be explained because of the degradationof organic compounds as proteins on the maturation phase. Statistical analysis, indicated positive and significantcorrelation between β -glucosidase activity and humic substances production (r= 0.333, p=0.01), and between fulvicacids and fungi and yeast count (r=-0.447, p<0.001), heterotrophic bacteria (r=-0.261, p=0.04), and phosphatesolubilizers (r= -0.396, p= 0.04).As a conclusion, it was possible to determinate, changes in time, and positive correlations between production of humicacids and heterotrophic bacteria, especially on the co-composting process of grape pomace and goat manure, it suggest that this parameters would be used as quality indicators.
| Copyright: | © European Compost Network ECN e.V. | |
| Quelle: | Orbit 2012 (Juni 2012) | |
| Seiten: | 9 | |
| Preis inkl. MwSt.: | € 9,00 | |
| Autor: | MSc Ana B. Torres  | |
| Artikel weiterleiten | In den Warenkorb legen
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