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Microbial degradation of pesticides wastes in rustics devices type biobeds: The Biobacs
Derived from the system of biological beds proposed by Swedish researchers, called biobeds, and from the Bayer Crop Science system called Phytobac®, or the biobac, is a tank insulated from the subsoil and filled with a mixture of organic and mineral materials. Thanks to the developed biological processes in them, the biobeds can provide simple and attractive solutions for the confinement and treatment of pesticide wastes. A biobac can last for up to 8 to 10 years. Despite the increasing interest shown for these rustic processes of bioremediation, limited data is available on their efficiency and monitoring. Biobacs specifications may vary with environmental conditions, waste volume and composition and pesticide concentration. The cost and availability of “carrier materials” and organic substrates used to support microbial activity must also be considered (biomixes). All these aspects need to be considered when improving biobeds efficiency.
Further Author:
J.C. Fournier - UMR Microbiologie et Géochimie des sols
The objective of this study was to confirm the efficiency of biobacs evaluating certain aspects such as: the importance of biomixes and the study of the microbial mechanisms that are developed during the treatment process (stimulation or inhibition degradation). Numerous trials were first carried out under laboratory conditions to test the different materials which might be useful as biobed fillers. These were generally short experiments, using small samples and measuring the degradation of radioactive pesticides. Longer trials were performed in ten rigid crates containing 250 litres of substrate treated with one mixture of pesticides. In this case samples are removed periodically and the microbial activities determined from global or specific indicators such as biomass size or different catabolic capacities. The ability of soil micro-organisms from biobeds to mineralise each chemical was determined by radiorespirometry. Ecotoxicological assays risks were performed to the evaluation related to spreading the contents of biobacs in fields. The work results have confirmed the effectiveness of the devices. It was show that less of 1% of a mixture of 14 products herbicides representing more than 100 g of active ingredients disappeared from organic or aqueous extracts of different biomixes analyzed 15 months after the last waste application. The adaptation of the microbial populations to the mineralization of compounds was shown. The presence of fungicides or insecticides, or other pollutants (motors oil, detergent) did not modify the degrading activity of the microflora. Nevertheless a small residual phytotoxicity was observed in certain biobeds.
| Copyright: | © European Compost Network ECN e.V. | |
| Quelle: | Orbit 2012 (Juni 2012) | |
| Seiten: | 7 | |
| Preis inkl. MwSt.: | € 7,00 | |
| Autor: | Carmen Ponce-Caballero  | |
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