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This work has been carried out to evaluate the environmental impact through a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a collective biogas plant incorporating pig slurry, cattle manure and waste from food processing industry. This collective biogas plant is actually a project located in an intensive farming and agro-industry area close to Rennes (France). Water from surface resources (river) located within this area is used to supply the towns located around for tap water. However, the excess of nitrogen locally applied on agricultural soils led to an increase of nitrate concentration in the water of the area and consequently, the water plant was recently closed. A collective manure management including biogas plant and post-treatment of digestate is seen as a possible solution to reduce the local pollution (mainly nitrate) through export of nitrogen. In this context, the aim of this study was to provide scientific elements on such solutions and to take into account the global environmental impact. So, a LCA has been realised to compare different scenarios of manure management according to an environmental point of view.
Further authors:
A. Collet; F. Beline, Irstea
Three scenarios of manure management are evaluated including a reference scenario representing the common practice and two other scenarios with collective biogas plant. The difference between the scenarios with collective biogas plant concerns the post-treatment of digestate: the post-treatment is composting in one scenario while it is evaporation process with concentration of digestate in the second one. These three scenarios make it possible to focus on the impact of transport which was precisely modelled for each scenario using Geographic Information System (GIS), on uses of energy from biogas and on treatment techniques and agronomical management of the digestate. In order to compare these three scenarios, a functional unit describes scenarios functions related to the practices of the area. The boundaries of this study begin to the storage until the export and application of digestate. The scenarios were modelled thanks to GaBi 4 software.The CML 2001 method was used to calculate environmental impacts. The scenario with biogas plant and evaporation seems to be the least impacting even if the differences between the two scenarios with biogas plant are small. Results analysis only focuses on three impacts categories: acidification potential, eutrophication potential and global warming potential. These three impact categories are judged relevant to provide answers to nitrogen excess, manure management and transportation importance. These results are examined through foreground and background boundaries and through generated and avoided impacts. For climate change, at the foreground, biogas plant by itself does not contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases but the manure management plays a major role, through the reduction of storage time in farm. The LCA results clearly show, especially for global warming, the interest of the utilization of biogas thanks to energetic recovery through electricity and heat in terms of avoided impacts to the background. For the impact of acidification, the evaporation and concentration scenario presents the lowest impact mainly due to the reduction of ammonia emissions during land spreading (because of the acidification of the digestate during post-treatment). On the contrary, the composting scenario does not present a decrease of the impact compared to the reference because the decrease of ammonia emissions during storage are compensated by an increase of ammonia emissions during composting and land spreading. For eutrophication, we do not find a global trend. The scenario with evaporation shows a lowest eutrophication impact within the local area resulting from the nitrogen export but firstly the reduction of the impact is low in comparison with the quantity exported due to the increase of ammonia emissions and secondly it is just a potential impact transfer to another place. To identify potential impact transfers especially for local impact like eutrophication, it would seem wise to more precisely locate nitrogen releases.
Copyright: | © European Compost Network ECN e.V. | |
Quelle: | Orbit 2012 (Juni 2012) | |
Seiten: | 8 | |
Preis inkl. MwSt.: | € 8,00 | |
Autor: | Dr. Lynda Aissani | |
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Performance of European biogas plants towards methane emissions
© Lehrstuhl für Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2022)
Biogas or biomethane, resulting from the biological treatment of organic matter by anaerobic digestion, is a renewable energy source used for electricity production, heating and in transportation and can substitute fossil gas. Therefore, biogas production is described as a sustainable strategy for reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG). However, the positive environmental impact depends in particular on emissions that might occur within the biogas production and utilization chain. Although numerous scientific studies investigated CH4 emissions from biogas plants, there is still a lack of reliable and representative emission data. As stated in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the member countries are obliged to report their national GHG inventories according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines.
Kleinbiogasanlagen: Für eine circular economy mit kurzen Wegen und
hochwertiger stofflicher Nutzung
© Lehrstuhl für Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2022)
Nach einer Hochphase der NaWaRo-Biogasanlagen stagnieren diese zunehmend und es kann beobachtet werden, dass immer mehr Biogasanlagen gebaut werden, die mit biogenen Abfällen betrieben werden. Aktuell gibt es in Europa über 1.000 Bioabfallbiogasanlagen, die i.d.R auf 50- 350 to/Tag ausgelegt sind.
Die erste industrielle Power-to-Gas-Anlage der Schweiz
© Witzenhausen-Institut für Abfall, Umwelt und Energie GmbH (11/2022)
Dank der Power-to-Gas-Technologie ist es möglich, saisonal und zeitlich bedingte Überschüsse aus dieser Stromproduktion in Gas umzuwandeln und damit speicher und transportierbar zu machen. Das macht die Power-to-Gas-Technologie zu einem wichtigen Faktor der Energiewende und führt zu höherer Energiesicherheit und -unabhängigkeit.
Die Rolle von Biogas für eine sichere Gasversorgung in Deutschland
© Witzenhausen-Institut für Abfall, Umwelt und Energie GmbH (11/2022)
Vor dem Hintergrund des Krieges in der Ukraine und der Gasmangellage nimmt auch die Aufmerksamkeit für Biogas zu. Sowohl gegenwärtige als auch zukünftige Potenziale können allerdings nur sehr begrenzt zur Unabhängigkeit von russischem Erdgas beitragen. Aus Biogas gewonnenes Biomethan, das Erdgas in allen Anwendungen ersetzen kann, hat derzeit einen Anteil am Gasmarkt von etwa 1 %. Dieser Anteil kann bis 2030 auf etwa 3 % ausgeweitet werden. Darüber hinaus kann Biogas russisches Erdgas in begrenztem Maße durch die Bereitstellung von Wärme und flexibel erzeugtem Strom ersetzen. Um diese Beiträge zur Energieversorgungssicherheit zu sichern und auszubauen, sollte vor allem die Substratbasis von Energiepflanzen stärker auf biogene Reststoffe und Abfälle umgestellt werden. Darüber hinaus können zusätzliche Anreize für eine weitergehende Flexibilisierung der Stromerzeugung aus Biogas sinnvoll sein.
Produktion von Mikroalgen unter Nutzung von Abfällen aus Biogasanlagen
© Springer Vieweg | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH (12/2020)
Die Koppelung landwirtschaftlicher Biogasanlagen mit einer Mikroalgenproduktion führt zu einer energie- und klimaeffizienten Nutzung von Abfällen, nämlich Abwärme und AbCO2 aus der Verstromung des Methans im Blockheizkraftwerk. Hinzu kommt, dass keine Teller-Tank-Diskussion zu führen ist, da die Mikroalgenproduktion auch auf devastierten Flächen oder Dächern erfolgen kann. Die Mikroalge Spirulina bietet als nachhaltiges Nahrungs- und Futterergänzungsmittel vielseitige Einsatzzwecke und deutliche
ernährungsphysiologische Vorteile.