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This paper focused on research performed within the theme use of biomass for biogas production
Copyright: | © European Compost Network ECN e.V. | |
Quelle: | Orbit 2008 (Oktober 2008) | |
Seiten: | 8 | |
Preis inkl. MwSt.: | € 8,00 | |
Autor: | Ir. Hendrik Jan van Dooren D. Durksz Thomassen | |
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Das Bundesverfassungsgericht und der Investitionsschutz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (3/2023)
In its decision of 30 June 2020, the Federal Constitutional Court granted protection of legitimate expectations for frustrated investments in the approval procedure for the erection of wind turbines in the exclusive economic zone, but only with consideration of the affected parties and not on the basis of fundamental rights under Article 14 (1) of the Basic Law or Article 12 (1) of the Basic Law, but rather under Article 2 (1) of the Basic Law in conjunction with Article 20 (3) of the Basic Law. Article 20 (3) GG on the basis of the standards of retroactivity under the rule of law. In contrast to the overwhelming acceptance of the decision in the literature, the article criticises the rejection of the use of the fundamental right to property, but also the derivation of the said duty of consideration.
Europe’s Policy Framework for Promoting Offshore Wind Energy: Lessons for Taiwan and Other Countries
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (4/2015)
As a result of the recent proliferation of onshore renewable energy (RE) infrastructure in many developed countries around the world, related environmental and public concerns have arisen. Consequently, to facilitate further growth in RE, especially after the Fukushima accident of 2011, these and other countries are considering options for developing RE infrastructure offshore, or in less controversial spaces. Offshore wind farms (OWFs), for example, present a viable option for their energy policy. Europe, in particular, has emerged in recent years as a pioneer in facilitating large-scale deployments of OWFs.
Offshore Renewable Energy Development in the British Islands: Legal and Political Risk - Part 1: Energy Policy and Electricity Market Reform
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2013)
Offshore renewable energy (ORE) development forms a central pillar of UK plans for a largely decarbonised economy by mid-century. To reach ambitious climate change targets and a related renewable energy target, however, step changes are needed in levels of investment in offshore generating stations, electricity transmission networks and related supply chains. Key aims are driving down costs and delivering short-term certainty and longer-term visibility for investors. The law will play a major part in meeting both aims, through two mechanisms: electricity market reform, discussed in this first part of a two-part article; and removing barriers by improving major infrastructure planning, marine planning, licensing consents, environmental management, electricity grid access and marine use accommodation processes, all discussed in the second part to appear in the September issue of RELP.
The German Offshore Transmission Grid – (Finally) A Success Story?
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (4/2013)
As a result of the extensive promotion of offshore wind energy in Germany since 2006 and, in particular, since the so-called “Energiewende” by the German government in 2011, there is an increased demand to expand the German offshore transmission grid. However, the applicable statutory framework proved to be insufficient to provide the needed legal and regulatory guidance for offshore grid investments which have exceeded € 5 billion since 2010 and are expected to increase in the upcoming years. Furthermore, the increasing demand for offshore components and technology has exhausted the available market capacities. Because of these challenges, both de facto and de jure, and after long lasting discussions among the concerned parties, the German legislator implemented on 28 December 2012 a new statutory framework containing in particular a structural approach for the offshore grid development as well as a new liability regime for cases of delayed construction or disruption of offshore grid connection lines. The new statutory framework is aimed at providing potential investors and grid operators with the due level of legal certainty required for a further and effective expansion of offshore wind energy in Germany. In this regard, it should provide a sound basis for facilitating the Energiewende, but it is now up to all stakeholders involved to find a workable solution.
Wind Farm Development in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: A Policy Odyssey without Precedent
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (10/2012)
Die Autoren stellen einen sehr interessanten Rechtsfall im belgischen Teil der Nordsee vor. Das ökologisch wertvolle Meeresgebiet („Vlakte van de Raan“) grenzt unmittelbar an ein niederländisches Natura 2000-Gebiet, ist selbst (zu einem Teil) als FFH-Gebiet bereits auf der Gemeinschaftsliste für die atlantische Region und zugleich Projektgebiet für eine Windfarm mit 50 Anlagen und einer geplanten Leistung von 2 MW. Der Fall ähnelt mit seinen unerwarteten und beispiellosen Wendungen einer Odysee zwischen den Interessen der Industriepolitik, Anforderungen des Naturschutzrechts der europäischen Union, des belgischen (und flämischen) Verwaltungsrechts und der zugrundeliegenden Kompetenzordnung, angereichert mit Problemen der Staatshaftung, die durch vorzeitige und später widerrufene Genehmigungserteilung an die Betreiber ausgelöst wurden. Ein Lehrstück, das auch die Notwendigkeit einer bindenden Raumplanung im Meer verdeutlicht. Als Lösung aus der verfahrenen Situation schlagen die Autoren vor, das Verfahren zur Schutzgebietsausweisung des belgischen Teils von „Vlakte van den Raan“ ganz von neuem zu beginnen und 2014 noch abzuschließen, um ein Vertragsverletzungsverfahren der EU-Kommission zu verhindern.