This article aims to analyse liability issues as a further means to regulate risks, in case the precautionary measures of the delivered safety system fail. Through liability, the risk that cannot be prevented can be transferred onto those parties who are in the best position to spread them. The allocation of liability thus works as an incentive to the correct functioning of the preventive measures. Liability rules appear to be a key legal remedy which can ensure both tort reparation and a fair and efficient distribution of burdens in a legal order. In this vein, air traffic management (ATM) is addressed as a case study, which shows the main issues and the gaps that liability rules face when dealing with the trade off between risk and safety as conveyed by technology.
After having clarified the nature of the relations between risk and liability on the one hand, and automation and liability on the other hand, this article analyses liability issues in the framework of ATM by approaching this topic in a comparative way between the National Airspace System (NAS) of the United States of America (USA) and the Single European Sky (SES) of the European Union (EU).
A fundamental issue of risk regulation is how to manage those risks which cannot be prevented from occurring. If this issue appears to be out of the domain of risk mitigation policies, in reality it is strictly related to them and it can affect by itself their effectiveness.
Legal remedies against the possible failure of ex ante regulation can help effectively allocate risks and contribute to defining the ex post distribution of burdens. Among the number of possible remedies, liability regimes represent a key instrument to distribute risks and burdens when it is not possible to prevent risks from occurring; furthermore, the clearer the liability regime, the more effective is its capability of affecting the actions of the parties involved in the risk mitigation policies.
However, when mitigation policies are carried out by complex systems, many different factors can prejudice the definition of a clear liability regime. Even though the setting of clear liability rules is necessary and desirable, in complex systems many problems arise with regard to the identification of risks, the attribution of tasks and responsibilities related to the risk management, and the ensuing definition of suitable standards of protection.
Copyright: | © Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH | |
Quelle: | Issue 02/2013 (Juni 2013) | |
Seiten: | 15 | |
Preis inkl. MwSt.: | € 41,65 | |
Autor: | Dr. Marta Simoncini Giuseppe Contissa | |
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