India is the fourth largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the world. After Copenhagen in 2009, India announced that it will be working to reduce voluntarily the carbon intensity of its emissions by 20–25 % against 2005 levels by the year 2020, while maintaining a growth rate of 8 %. In 2011–2012, it introduced a number of innovative initiatives to help reach that goal. This paper will discuss three of these measures. Two of these schemes are market based initiatives in the field of energy: the first is called “Perform, Achieve and Trade” and is aimed at improved energy efficiency; the second scheme promotes increased use of renewable sources of energy through trade in renewable energy certificates. The third scheme is a pilot market based emissions trading mechanism that seeks to reduce the levels of particulate matter emissions in three leading industrial states in India.
Copyright: | © Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH | |
Quelle: | Issue 4/2012 (Dezember 2012) | |
Seiten: | 12 | |
Preis inkl. MwSt.: | € 41,65 | |
Autor: | Anjum Rosha David Freestone | |
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Improving the Clean Development Mechanism Post-2012: A Developing Country Perspective
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (4/2010)
In this article, we assess the future prospects of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) from the perspective of a developing country, drawing on Vietnam as a case study. First, we review the performance of the CDM and describe the evolution of carbon markets on the path towards a post-2012 climate regime. Next, we place Vietnam in a post-2012 context, and assess potential project resources, challenges, and opportunities that could arise for the country from a future climate policy framework. Our analysis suggests that the CDM should remain in place and be improved to facilitate more meaningful participation by developing countries in climate mitigation efforts beyond 2012. Finally, the article sets out eight proposals that could help improve the CDM as the world progresses towards a new international climate policy framework.
Transitioning from the CDM to a Clean Development Fund
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (4/2009)
Parties to the UNFCCC must work at Copenhagen toward establishing sound institutions and instruments that will serve as the foundation of international climate cooperation over the coming decades. One of the major tasks will be to assess the performance to date of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The CDM is an emissions trading offset system that allows developed countries to meet their Kyoto targets by investing in emissions reduction projects in developing countries, where greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement is expected to be cheaper than it is in developed countries.
Enhancing the Role of the CDM in Accelerating Low-Carbon Technology Transfers to Developing Countries
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (4/2009)
At the 3rd Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was introduced into the Kyoto Protocol as a project-based emissions trading mechanism. Through this mechanism, industrialised countries can comply with their Protocol commitments by investing in greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction projects in developing countries for which they receive Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). As per November 2008, the CDM project pipeline counts 4151 CDM projects (i.e. both officially registered and ongoing projects and projects in the process of validation by a designated operational entity). The CERs can be used, inter alia, by industrialised countries to comply with their Protocol commitments and by European installations to comply with their CO2 emission caps under the EU emissions trading scheme.
Paving the Road to Legitimacy for CDM Institutions and Procedures
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (4/2009)
Learning from Other Experiences in International Environmental Governance
The Adaptation Fund after Poznan
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (4/2009)
The UN Climate Conference in Poznan, Poland, from 1 to 12 December 2008 was an important stepping stone in the negotiations on the post-2012 international climate regime that are set to conclude in Copenhagen in 2009. The decision on the Adaptation Fund was one of the most notable outcomes of the Poznan conference. The Adaptation Fund is a special fund under the Kyoto Protocol (KP), with an innovative structure to support funding of adaptation needs. However, due to organisational and legal difficulties, the Adaptation Fund had not been fully operational before the Poznan conference. The Poznan decision on the Adaptation Fund is intended to provide a solution to these obstacles.