EU Waste Management - Implementation of the Waste Framework Directive

Cologne (Germany), 8th - 9th of June 2010
By setting ambitious recycling targets and clearer defining of technical terms, the latest revision of the EU waste framework directive will have huge influence on the waste management industry and waste flows in Europe. Major investments in new technology have to be expected in most EU countries. The conference will keep you up to date on the following topics:
· The new waste framework directive and next steps in EU waste policy
· Current situation and implementation of the waste framework directive in selected European countries
· Avoidance and waste management concepts
· Management of special waste flows
· Recovery of plastics and other types of high calorific waste
· Increasing energy efficiency in waste to energy processes
· Material specific waste treatment


Reduce; re-use; recycle – a global necessity
Dr.-Ing. Matthias KĂĽhle-Weidemeier
The approaching exhaustion of many raw materials and expanding demand for resources due to fast growth of word population and increasing prosperity in many developing countries are a challenge for the world economy and will become a driving factor for enhanced waste treatment / material recovery technology. Quantity and quality of recovered resources from residual waste depend on the kind of waste treatment. Mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) and incineration are the dominant treatment technologies for residual waste and have to prove their feasibility for sustainable waste and resource management.
“Future is not an extrapolation of the past” (CK Prahalad) – The way to global resource management
Dr. Bärbel Birnstengel, Holger Alwast, Arno Häusler
Based on own Prognos analyses the article shows the so far achieved recovery rates for selected waste streams within the 27 EU member states as well as the still existing resource potential - a potential that can also contribute significantly to climate protection. Looking back from the future the article describes the major challenges of our time and for our future and develops visions for a global resource management system.
Current situation and implementation of the waste framework directive in Germany
MinR Dr. phil. Diplom-Volkswirt Andreas Jaron
The current situation of waste management in Germany has technical, economic and legal aspects. Technically and organisationally Germany has reached a high standard in waste management including environmentally sound capacity for almost all kinds of wastes. This is reflected in the evolution of imports and exports esp. in hazardous wastes.
From waste to materials management
John Wante
The waste framework directive forms the legal basis of European waste legislation. The original directive dates from 1975 and was thoroughly revised in 2008. This revision served several purposes. First of all, the revision was part of the process of “better regulation” in which existing environmental legislation is screened on potential simplification without lowering the level of environmental protection. The new waste framework directive integrates three old directives, namely the old waste framework directive, the directive on hazardous waste and the waste oil directive, three pieces of legislation that showed considerable overlaps.
Greece confronted with the new Waste Framework Directive
Assoc. Prof. Avraam Karagiannidis, Kyriakos Oikonomou
This study assessed greenhouse gas emissions of different municipal solid waste treatment technologies currently under assessment in the new regional plan for Attica in the frame of addressing the country’s contemporary waste management challenges.
Waste Management in Romania: past and present
Dr.-Ing. Dipl. Elena Cristina Rada, Dr.-Ing. Dipl. Tiberiu Apostol, Dr.-Ing. Dipl. Marco Ragazzi, Dr. Ing. Dipl. Irina Aura Istrate
In Romania, as well as in other countries around the world, the impact of waste on the environment has increased at an alarming rate during the past 20 years. The inappropriate management of this problem has caused soil, subsoil and groundwater contamination, fugitive emissions of methane and toxic gases, with direct impact on the public health.
Waste Producers' Duty of Care under European Community Law
Randy Michael Mott
In a little-noticed case in 2008, the European Court of Justice held that waste producers have a duty to take reasonable precautions to assure proper disposal of their waste under the Waste Framework Directive. The Court, in effect, invalidated the laws of 15 Member States that purport to allow transfer of liability to third-party waste vendors. The same “polluter pays” language as to waste producers was re-enacted in the revised Directive and should be reflected in the latest transposition of the Directive in 2010 to meet the Court's ruling on what is mandatory community law.
Optimization model of integrated MSW management
Ing. Dipl.-Chem. Lubomir Nondek
The communication presents a conceptual model proposed for optimal municipal solid waste allocation. The current version of model optimizes cumulative emission of greenhouse gases. Model takes advantages of algebraic modelling languages, which enables to develop models in a scalable manner independent of the database used. Continuous flows of four municipal solid waste components (bio-waste, materials, refuse derived fuel and inert fraction), which take place between sets of sources and installations are quantified and converted to the greenhouse gases emission. Uncertainties of inputs, especially varying composition of MSW, have been modelled by Monte-Carlo experiments.
Evolution of a collection scheme in 15 years: quality and efficiency in the North Italian experience
Christian Garaffa, Cristian Roverato, Andrea Miorandi, Luca Mariotto
When considering organic waste collection, quality is always a critical aspect. This work summarizes the experience of the Northern Italian waste management public consortium TV3 (Treviso Tre), which has been running residential source separation schemes of organic waste since the mid 1990s. Today the mature separate collection scheme shows contamination rates of less than 2% in the collected feedstock.
Zagreb Municipal Waste Management – Vienna or Naples Model?
M.Sc.M.E Vladimir Potocnik
Croatian capital Zagreb for the third time is attempting to build Waste-To-Energy (WTE) plant. Zagreb WTE plant is planned to treat thermally residual municipal solid waste (MSW) and sludge from the existing Zagreb waste water treatment plant, and to produce energy from waste. The project has been postponed mainly due to opposition of some environmental organizations.
Strategy and Implementation Plan for Integrated Solid Waste Management in Tehran
S. Amir N. Harati, Mohammad Reza Azimian
The Tehran Solid Waste Management Strategy is being developed with the current situation, the current organizational structure and the current operational practices. The waste management organization has done various projects in public awareness, composting etc. The management and operation of solid waste relate to lots of criteria more than the human mind can handle effectively. The reports show integrated view in the solid waste management is the best method for management under multi dimensional situation.
Hazardous waste classification and re-use (end of waste) by New Waste Directive, CLP and REACH Regulations
PhD.-Eng. Monika Malicka
Hazardous waste’ means waste which displays one or more of the hazardous properties H. Attribution of the hazardous properties H is derived from risk phrases R coming from Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC. New CLP Regulation (repealing above Directives) in place of risk phrases R introduces hazard statements H. That means, that soon we will derive hazardous properties H (1 or 2-digit) from hazard statements H (3-digit) of it’s components.
Improvement of hazardous waste management in Turkey through introduction of a web-based system for data collection and quality control
Dipl.-Ing. Volker KĂĽchen
The Waste Framework Directive (WASTE FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE, 2008) specifies certain measures to ensure that waste is recovered or disposed of in accordance with Article 13, i.e. without endangering human health or harming the environment. Specific measures laid down in the WFD include the introduction and common use of appropriate classification systems (LoW: Art. 7; recovery and disposal codes: Annex I and II), the principle of producer responsibility (Art. 14, Art. 15), the issue of permits for waste treatment facilities (Art. 23), the drafting of waste management plans (Art. 28), the requirement that the actors of waste management shall be subject to appropriate periodic inspections (Art 34) and their obligation to keep records on their activities (Art. 35).
DIRECT-MAT – developing best practice on recycling or safe disposal of road materials in Europe
Konrad Mollenhauer, Maria Arm, Yannick Descantes, Knud A. Pihl, Laszlo Gaspar
The European road network has a total length of more than 5.8 million km (ERF 2007) and it is still growing. Obviously, various pavement layers exhibit different lifetimes which makes regular maintenance work necessary. As a result, several hundred million tons of road materials are excavated each year from a number of demolished pavement layers. According to European policy (EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, 2006), these materials can be seen as wastes, viz. “substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard”. Nevertheless, in nearly all countries, part of these road construction wastes is reused or recycled back into road infrastructure and this part may reach 100 % depending on the type of road waste.
Legal requirements and practice of the transport of healthcare waste within European Union
Karine BrĂĽck, Ing. Dipl.- Pedro Ramalho
Transport of healthcare waste moves enormous quantities within European Union every year and is regulated by European and international legislation on the transport of hazardous goods, according to the classification established internationally by UNO. From a legal point of view, two international instruments have been incorporated in European Law to regulate this sector.
Plastic Flows from Production to (optimal) Recycling
Roland Fehringer
During the last 50 years, plastic materials have become one of the most important types of materials used in various branches. Due to their special features, i.e. low weight, availability and costs, they have substituted or replaced many traditional materials and are at present widely applied in short- and long-life products. They are dominating the packaging market, and are more and more commonly used in automotive and building sectors. Therefore, assessment of plastic flows and their appropriate management, in accordance with the objectives of sustainable development, has recently become an important issue in modern societies, worth more comprehensive investigations.
Bewertung der Systemkosten fĂĽr den Einsatz von Kunststoffen unter Einbeziehung der Kosten fĂĽr Entsorgung bzw. Verwertung
Dipl.-Ing. Reinhard Schu, Dipl.-Ing. Jens Niestroj, Dipl.-Biol. Kirsten Schu
In this paper we evaluate the real costs for the use of plastics regarding costs for disposal. These costs are until now not sufficiently reflected in the consumer prices. This causes massive competitive disadvantages for renewable raw materials, even though these are produced with significantly lower energy consumption and disposal costs. Plastics waste has no recycling potential and should be regarded as waste for disposal.
Innovative Waste Infrastructure Procurement in the UK – Separated Waste Services and Fuel Use Contracts
Euston Ling, Tim Judson
The Authority is the second largest waste disposal authority (“WDA”) in the UK, handling around 3% of the national municipal waste (1.3 million tonnes per annum (“tpa”)) by 2045). The Authority is a statutory authority, which was established in 1986 after the abolition of the Greater London Council (“GLC”). Its prime statutory responsibility is for the disposal of waste collected by the seven north London boroughs of Barnet, Camden, Enfield, Hackney, Haringey, Islington and Waltham Forest (the "Constituent Boroughs"). The Constituent Boroughs are also the waste collection authorities (“WCAs”).
Formel fĂĽr die Energieeffizienz - Bedeutung und Anwendung
Ing. Mag. Walter Hauer
Die EU-Richtlinie über Abfälle verwendet zur Einstufung der Abfallverbrennung als Verwertung die so genannte Energieeffizienz. Der Wert stellt einen Vergleichswert, aber keinen Wirkungsgrad dar. Dem Stand der Technik entsprechende Anlagen überschreiten den Schwellenwert großteils; eine Abfallverbrennung wird daher gemäß EURichtlinie meist eine „sonstige Verwertung“ darstellen. Für die praktische Anwendung der Formel sind noch eindeutige Richtlinien, insbesondere zu den Systemgrenzen, erforderlich. Derzeit besteht erheblicher Interpretationsspielraum.
Increasing energy efficiency: A plant manufacturers view
Dipl.-Ing. Mariusz Maciejewski
To increase the energy efficiency of the waste-to-energy plants is the main challenge of each plant manufacturer. This article lists some current trends and picks- up three of them by mean of examples from current Keppel Seghers projects.
Erzielung einer hohen Energieeffizienz im EBS-Kraftwerk Stavenhagen
Karl-Heinz Plepla, Thomas Hegner
Betreiber des EBS HKW Stavenhagen ist die Nehlsen Heizkraftwerke GmbH & Co. KG. Das EBS HKW versorgt seit Sommer 2007 den Kartoffelprodukte-Hersteller Pfanni in Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung mit Prozessdampf und Strom. Energielieferant und Abnehmer liegen lokal eng beieinander. Vom Pfanni-Werk Stavenhagen und vom EBS HKW nicht benötigte elektrische Energie wird in ein externes Netz eingespeist.
French national household waste characterization survey
Erwann FANGEAT
A representative sample was constituted of 100 municipalities randomly selected to represent the country as a whole. Rubbish in these municipalities was collected in two separate containers, one for household waste and the other for waste generated by economically productive activities. Samples of residual household waste were dried, screened and then sorted into 13 categories and 39 sub-categories. Samples of sourceseparated materials were simply screened, then sorted.
Sensor based sorting: A key technology for sustainable waste management
, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Pretz
Waste is a heterogeneous mixture of materials often containing reusable or recyclable materials. In accordance with the hierarchy of the EU requirements “Prevention - Preparing for reuse – Recycling - Other Recovery – Disposal of Waste”, waste processing and recycling additionally fulfills the duty to protect the environment and to preserve primary resources. In order to meet the demands of increasing recycling rates and the quality of recycled waste materials sensor based sorting is playing an important and increasing role in waste processing techniques.
Comparison of Methods for the Treatment of Mixed Municipal Waste from Households
Dipl.-Ing. Josef Mitterwallner, Hofrat Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Wilhelm Himmel
The aim of the present study was a reliable comparison of two main municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment methods, the biological-thermal way and the thermal-only way. The biological-thermal method includes mechanical pre-treatment to separate the MSW mainly in two fractions, one for composting (undersize fraction) and the other for incineration (oversize fraction), i.e. Solid Recovered Fuel. The subsequent biological and thermal treatments produce compost as a biologically stable product and incineration residues both for disposal in landfills.
Pre-Processing of Municipal Solid Waste before Anaerobic Digestion - CAPEX and OPEX as model calculation
Dr.-Ing. Michael Langen
Processing of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) before Anaerobic Digestion(AD) is highly considerable in terms of capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX). The paper determines different process options like “Standard” and “AdvancedBioSolids” and characterizes the process options. The “Standard“ option is relatively simple and comprises only few process steps. The “AdvancedBioSolids” option is more complex and refines the biosolid fraction by segregating inorganic items and other non-digestibles in a multi-stage dry refining process.
Endeavours of Poland to reach a high standard of municipal waste management
PhD Magdalena Rybaczewska-Blazejowska
From the beginning of the preparation for accession to the European Union, Poland has certainly made great progress in strengthening the system of waste management. Over the last 20 years, the municipal waste problems, though not yet solved, have begun to be recognised and addressed. The National Waste Management Strategies for Poland, published in 2002 and 2006, have undoubtedly played a stimulating role for the improvement of functioning of the municipal solid waste sector.
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