Sugar cane trask as an alternative substrate of bagasse for production of the Pleurotus sajor caju mushroom
The Pleurotus sajor-caju mushroom (oyster mushroom) grows naturally on logs, tree stumps and dead wood (Bonatti et al., 2003). Apart from being a high protein food source, this white basidiomycete is increasingly triggering interest in the pharmaceutical field owing to its immeasurable health benefits. Subsequently, the Pleurotus sajor caju has several properties acting as immunomodulators, anticancer and antimicrobial agents, having antihypertensive effects and lowering blood lipid concentrations (Daba et al., 2008). Moreover, the mushroom’s extensive range of temperature adaptation and its ability to produce a broad spectrum of lignocellulolytic enzymes, thus favouring ease of substrate availability, makes it the easiest, fastest, cheapest to grow, requiring less preparation time and production technology.
Likewise, the biotransformation of wastes, high in lignocellulose, by the Pleurotus fungi, is of economic relevance to the agricultural sector while dealing with environmental issues concerning waste disposal. In Mauritius, bagasse, a by-product of the sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) is used for the commercial cultivation of the Pleurotus sajor caju mushroom. Sugar cane trash is being considered as an alternative substrate for oyster mushroom production. The physicochemical characteristics of bagasse (B) and sugar cane trash (mainly dry leaves) (ST) have been studied and compared in terms of moisture content (MC), total dry solids (TDS), wet bulk density (WBD), particle size (PS), water holding capacity (WHC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total volatile solids content (TVS), ash content, carbon content, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium contents (N-P-K), crude fibre content (CF) and crude protein content. B had a higher MC (62.1%) than ST (40.5%). Conversely, the TDS content in ST was superior (59.5%) as compared to B (37.9%). Particle size in B and ST were similar, ranging from 3.327mm to 6.680mm. WBD for TS was lower (70.2 kg/m3) relative to B (130.3 kg/m3). The WHC in B exceeded (684.6%) that of ST (515.6%). pH in B and ST were nearly equivalent, 6.20 and 6.26 correspondingly. However, ST had a higher EC (2.90 mS/cm) parallel to B (0.64 mS/cm). TVS in B was above (94.599%) that of ST (93.378%). In contrast, ash content in ST levelled above (6.622%) that of B (5.401%). The carbon content of B and ST were nearly analogous, 52.56% and 51.88% respectively. The N-P-K content for B was 0.66%, 0.14% and 0.28% correspondingly in comparison to the NP- K of ST, 0.99%, 0.07% and 1.2%, in that order. CF in B was higher (38.78%) than in ST (35.69%). ST had a superior crude protein content (6.16%) compared to B (4.11%). Substrates B and ST were each weighed to 750g and mixed with 10% calcium carbonate and 10% crushed maize seeds, by mass. The MC for both substrates was adjusted to 70%. Each mix was then packed in polypropylene bags, plugged with PVC tubing (diameter and length = 50mm) and a 50mm-thick sponge. Each substrate had a total of 9 replicates. The 18 bags were then pasteurized at 70oC for six hours. On subsequent cooling, each bag was inoculated with 5% CC 114 Pleurotus sajor-caju spawn and then incubated at temperatures ranging from 23oC to 27oC with relative humidity maintained at 80%. The onset of mycelia colonisation could be observed on the fifth day of incubation on both media. The spawn run for B and ST took 26 days and 30 days respectively. The first flush of mushroom was harvested after a 35-day incubation on B and 39-day incubation on ST. A total of three flushes were harvested from both B and ST. The average biological efficiency on bagasse (ABE) was superior (83.82 ± 4.9%) to that of sugarcane trash (74.49 ± 5.2%). This study suggests the possibility of replacing bagasse with sugar cane trash for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms. Still, supplementation of sugar cane trash with other lignocellulosic wastes, like banana leaves, becomes essential to raise the biological efficiency of substratum utilisation.
| Copyright: | © European Compost Network ECN e.V. | |
| Quelle: | Orbit 2012 (Juni 2012) | |
| Seiten: | 11 | |
| Preis inkl. MwSt.: | € 0,00 | |
| Autor: | Miss Yaswaree Mihilall  Prof.Dr. Romeela Mohee | |
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