The European Union tried to establish a “coexistence” policy for the cultivation and processing of GM and non-GM products after the political agreement that put an end to the 1999-2004 moratorium. Consequently, coexistence is part of this gentlemen’s agreement between States with pro and anti-GMO positions.
Anti-GMO States unblocked proceedings of authorisation of new products by accepting the sound science criteria of the risk assessments of the EFSA as almost the only element to open the doors of the internal market. In exchange, these States got the opportunity to decide on how GMO would be cultivated in their jurisdiction, mainly under the pretext of guaranteeing the isolation of the three chains in “coexistence”. As this article will demonstrate, this basic agreement has not changed. According to the rather soft-law attempt of harmonization of the 2003 Recommendation of the European Commission, “coexistence refers to the ability of farmers to make a practical choice between conventional, organic and GM-crop production, in compliance with the legal obligations for labelling and/or purity standards”. That is to say, Member States could set up binding and/or non-binding good practices of isolation in order to guarantee farmers’ right of choice and compliance with [European] labelling and traceability standards (the 0.9 % threshold). Moreover, in some cases, Member States established specific liability rules to compensate for economic loss in case an “adventitious mixture” could not be avoided. This was a project of “pluralisme technologique” that aimed at avoiding a rapid technological substitution of conventional crops by GM ones, and at guaranteeing the survival of organic production that had renounced biotechnological tools.
Copyright: | © Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH | |
Quelle: | Issue 04/2010 (Dezember 2010) | |
Seiten: | 6 | |
Preis inkl. MwSt.: | € 41,65 | |
Autor: | Dr. Justo Corti Varela | |
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What Price Flexibility? – The Recent Commission Proposal to Allow for National “Opt-Outs” on GMO Cultivation under the Deliberate Release Directive and the Comitology Reform Post-Lisbon
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (12/2010)
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EU GM Crop Regulation: A Road to Resolution or a Regulatory Roundabout?
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (12/2010)
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© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (1/2011)
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‘Have we all gone bats?’ – The Strict Protection of Wildlife under the Habitats Directive and Tourism Development: Some Lessons from Ireland
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (11/2010)
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Umsetzung und Auslegung des Artikel 6 der Fauna-Flora-Habitat-Richtlinie (RL 92/43/EWG) in Großbritannien
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (4/2010)
Der vorliegende Beitrag1 gewährt eine Übersicht der Umsetzung von Art. 6 der Fauna-Flora-Habitat-Richtlinie in den verschiedenen Rechtsordnungen der Staaten England, Schottland, Nordirland und Wales sowie Gibraltar. Bis 1998 stand dem Parlament des Vereinigten Königreiches in Westminster eine einheitliche Gesetzgebungskompetenz grundsätzlich auf dem ganzen Hoheitsgebiet zu. Nur für Nordirland bestanden besondere Regelungen, sodass die beiden Gesetzgebungsverfahren getrennt abliefen. Mit dem Verfassungsreformprozess, der sog. Devolution, fand eine Verlagerung der Gesetzgebungs- und Verwaltungskompetenzen von der Zentralregierung zu den einzelnen „Teilstaaten“ statt.