APPLICATION OF A DYNAMIC MODEL TO THE SIMULATION OF THE COMPOSTING PROCESS
The composting process applied to the treatment of biodegradable waste materials is one of the most adequate ways to enhance the environmental performance of the municipal solid waste (MSW) management systems. In the European context where environmental policies tend to encourage solid waste minimization and recycling, considering for example the targets established by the Directive 99/31/EC (European Commission, 1999) for biowaste landfill disposal, home composting is an effective method to decrease the quantity of MSW to be disposed. Home composting can be used for the conversion of the organic fraction of household wastes to a stable humus-like material (the compost).
In this work, it is presented a dynamic model in order to simulate of the biological composting process, applied to the organic fraction of the municipal solid waste. The model was applied to small scale composting units (in-vessel type), processing household wastes composed of food wastes, yard wastes and paper wastes. The model is based in a continuous plug flow reactor for the solids and in a continuous stirred tank reactor for the gas phase. The output features of the model includes the instantaneous oxygen consumption, the solids output and the solids temperature and moisture profiles. The results show that with proper system design and operation, home composting seems to ensure effective pathogen destruction, considering the modelled time/temperature profiles.
| Copyright: | © IWWG International Waste Working Group | |
| Quelle: | Specialized Session D (Oktober 2007) | |
| Seiten: | 11 | |
| Preis inkl. MwSt.: | € 11,00 | |
| Autor: | D.S.F. Neves  Ana Paula Duarte Gomes Luís António da Cruz Tarelho Manuel Arlindo Amador Matos | |
| Artikel weiterleiten | In den Warenkorb legen
| Artikel kommentieren |
Diese Fachartikel könnten Sie auch interessieren:
FULL-SCALE AEROBIC COMPOSTING OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE OF ISTANBUL METROPOLITIAN
© IWWG International Waste Working Group (10/2007)
Composting is a desirable technique to recover the organic fraction of solid wastes for municipalities. It offers the obvious beneficial uses of the resources and creates a useful product from organic waste that would otherwise be landfilled. Since the European Landfill Directive (EU 1999/31) requires the reduction of significant organic part of the MSW to be landfilled, composting has become the viable alternative to landfills. Among the alternatives for the elimination of MSW, composting is widely accepted as the most sustainable strategy for the decomposition and stabilization of the organic fraction of MSW (Hansen et al., 1993; Chefetz et al., 1996).
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF DOMESTIC COMPOST FROM S. ILARIO D’ENZA AREA (REGGIO EMILIA PROVINCE, ITALY), IN ORDER TO OPTIMIZE ITS EXPLOITATION AS SOIL FERTILISER
© IWWG International Waste Working Group (10/2007)
Within the framework of the new action “fai più bella S. Ilario” (“make S.Ilario look nicer”), a convention was signed among the S. Ilario Municipality, the ENIA S.p.A. and the University of Parma to carry on, among other topics, a study on the quality of homemade compost. In particular the project aimed at promoting the production and utilisation of domestic compost by citizens through the provision of free-of charge compost bins. From 2005 till 2006, a research project has been carried out to monitor through surveys and interviews the public acceptance level of the initiative and to follow up the results of the household composting activities. Chemical and physical analyses were also performed on random samples of home-made compost to plan how to utilise it at best in the future. An overall estimation of the efficiency in reducing the Municipality’s waste load through homemade compost has also been assessed.
APPLICATION OF NIR (NEAR INFRARED) SPECTROSCOPY FOR RAPID, EASY AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ANALYSIS OF COMPOST DERIVED FROM DOMESTIC ORGANIC WASTE MATERIAL
© IWWG International Waste Working Group (10/2007)
The compost is the result of aerobic natural degradation processes of the organic matter. This material is obtained by the degradation of the domestic solid waste material coming from differentiated collection. In Italy, the compost is commercialized and employed as fertilizer and/or conditioner in industrial agriculture, horticulture, fruit growing, cultivations, and to realize an maintain public green areas. With the aim to assure the quality of compost, a series of quality parameters have been defined for the fertilizers to be possessed for their commercialization and use (law 748/84, and D.M. 27 March 1998). These laws define the limits for the chemo-physical parameters of the fertilizers, and also define the analytical controls to be performed to ensure compost quality.
DINplus – Neue Anforderungen an kompostierbare Bioabfallsammelbeutel und Konsequenzen für die Praxis
© Witzenhausen-Institut für Abfall, Umwelt und Energie GmbH (4/2023)
Viele Haushalte entsorgen weiterhin Teile ihrer Bioabfälle über die Restmülltonne, weil die separate Sammlung als unsauber empfunden wird. Als Lösung werden neben Papierbeuteln auch feuchtigkeitsresistente Kunststoffbeutel angeboten, die als „kompostierbar“ zertifiziert sind. Eine Reihe von Kommunen haben mit solchen Beuteln gute Erfahrungen gemacht, in vielen örE werden sie aber auch abgelehnt – es wird befürchtet, dass die Bürger sie mit herkömmlichen Kunststoffbeuteln verwechseln und in den Verwertungsanlagen der biologische Abbau zu lange dauert. Als Antwort auf diese Befürchtungen sind in der novellierten Bioabfallverordnung konkrete Regelungen formuliert worden. Nachfolgend werden aktuelle Entwicklungen zu diesem Thema beschrieben.
Die Bioabfallverordnung 2022 – Anforderungen, Umsetzung und zukünftiger Regelungsbedarf
© Witzenhausen-Institut für Abfall, Umwelt und Energie GmbH (4/2023)
Die „kleine“ Novelle der Bioabfallverordnung vom 28.04.2022 hat den Schwerpunkt auf eine sortenreine Erfassung von Bioabfällen gelegt, um Einträge von Fremdstoffen, insbesondere Kunststoffe, bereits vor deren biologischen Behandlung in der Kompostierung/ Vergärung deutlich zu reduzieren. Dazu bestimmt der neu eingeführte § 2a Anforderungen an die Fremdstoffentfrachtung von Bioabfällen (Biotonne) und gewerblichen verpackten Bioabfällen und Materialien. Festgelegt sind verpflichtende Sichtkontrollen und gegebenenfalls weitere Untersuchungen zur Erfassung der Fremdstoffbelastung des angelieferten Materials und zur Kontrolle der Fremdstoffentfrachtung, um die Einhaltung der neu festgelegten, materialspezifischen Input-Kontrollwerte für Gesamtkunststoffe zu gewährleisten.
